Friday, December 2, 2016
Delisle 1973
Delisle, Gilles. 1973. On the so-called fourth person in Algonkian. Stanford Working Papers on Language Universals 12: 69-83.
Delisle 1972
Delisle, Gilles Louis. 1972. Universals and Person Pronouns in Southwestern Chippewa. PhD thesis, University of Minnesota.
Wednesday, June 29, 2016
Newell and Piggott 2014
Newell, Heather, and Glyne Piggott. 2014. Interactions at the syntax–phonology interface: Evidence from Ojibwe. Lingua 150: 332–362.
Tuesday, May 24, 2016
Junker 2002
Junker, Marie-Odile. 2002. La grammaire des relations: Constructions possessives et obviation en cri de l’Est. In 2002 CLA Proceedings, ed. Sophie Burelle and Stanca Somesfalean, 145-155. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/2002/Junker_2002.pdf
External possession refers to possession structures in which the possessor is not marked on the possessee, but is instead a separate argument of the verb (e.g. French Elle lui lave les mains).
The paper considers whether two East Cree constructions can be regarded as external possession constructions: the relational forms of AI and TI verbs and the -im forms of the TA verbs. (The answer will be no; this is, at best, an imperfect characterization.)
Key contrast for a TI:
These are the only two possibilities: the relational -w can't occur with bare u-muhkuman, and a non-relational verb can't occur with disjoint u-muhkuman-iyu.
Same contrast for an AI:
Is the relational an external possession construction? Yes, in that the verb marks the possessor (i.e. the 3rd person added by the relational inflection). No, in that they only encode third person. Also, in the examples above, the possessor is still encoded on the noun too.
This is disjoint reference, exactly as in the TA -im forms.
In (33) the inflected possessor is 3rd person ('his someone's nail'). If we make it 1st person ('my his nail'), we in fact get two prefixes:
This double-prefix construction is not possible with a 1st + 2nd (*your my nail, *my your nail). The second prefix must be 3rd.
Strong parallel between -im on TA verbs and possessed nouns: always disjoint reference between a person (1, 2, 3) and a third person.
External possession refers to possession structures in which the possessor is not marked on the possessee, but is instead a separate argument of the verb (e.g. French Elle lui lave les mains).
The paper considers whether two East Cree constructions can be regarded as external possession constructions: the relational forms of AI and TI verbs and the -im forms of the TA verbs. (The answer will be no; this is, at best, an imperfect characterization.)
1. Are relational constructions external possession constructions?
Formation of relational construction: take an AI/TI verb theme, add -w followed by TA inflection (including theme sign). Seems to increase valence, but can only add a 3rd person.Key contrast for a TI:
These are the only two possibilities: the relational -w can't occur with bare u-muhkuman, and a non-relational verb can't occur with disjoint u-muhkuman-iyu.
Same contrast for an AI:
Is the relational an external possession construction? Yes, in that the verb marks the possessor (i.e. the 3rd person added by the relational inflection). No, in that they only encode third person. Also, in the examples above, the possessor is still encoded on the noun too.
2. External possession with TA verbs?
TA verbs have forms with an -im suffix between the stem and the direct theme sign. (It can't occur with an inverse theme sign.)
Like the relational, -im only adds 3rd persons, and is used to express disjoint reference:
Are the -im forms external possession constructions? Yes and no, for the same reasons as the relational.
3. Prototypical and extended uses
3.1 Complex sentences
When a TI verb takes a complement clause, the TI verb can optionally be relational:
When a TA verb takes an object clause with an obviative subject, and the copy-to-object construction is applied, the TA verb takes the -im form:
3.2 Interpretations requiring the presence of another
The TI relational can occur with a non-possessed obviative object; the effect is to imply the presence of another third person: 'I see it [but not her]'. The same can occur with a TA -im form: 'I see a child [in addition to John]'.
4. The -im morpheme in dependent nouns
Is there a link between TA -im and the -im that occurs on possessed dependent nouns? The distribution of possessive -im is irregular and not fully predictable, but with the class of dependent (obligatorily possessed) nouns, there is a rule that governs the appearance of -im: it appears when the dependent noun belongs inherently to someone else.
This is disjoint reference, exactly as in the TA -im forms.
In (33) the inflected possessor is 3rd person ('his someone's nail'). If we make it 1st person ('my his nail'), we in fact get two prefixes:
This double-prefix construction is not possible with a 1st + 2nd (*your my nail, *my your nail). The second prefix must be 3rd.
Strong parallel between -im on TA verbs and possessed nouns: always disjoint reference between a person (1, 2, 3) and a third person.
5. Conclusion
External possession is only an imperfect characterization of the relational and -im constructions, which are further restricted in that they introduce only 3rd persons and involve disjoint reference. So it's not possession itself that Cree is indicating with these constructions, but rather a type of discourse reference, linked to obviation, that signals the presence of another third person (which can include a possessor, but can do other things as well).
Muehlbauer 2005
Mühlbauer, Jeff. 2005. Three kinds of nominals in Nêhiyawêwin. In Proceedings of the 2004 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association, ed. Marie-Odile Junker, Martha McGinnis, and Yves Roberge. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/actes2004/Muehlbauer-CLA-2004.pdf
Cook 2005
Cook, Clare. 2005. Extraction marking vs. scope-marking In Nêhiyawêwin and Yorùbá. In Proceedings of the 2004 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association, ed. Marie-Odile Junker, Martha McGinnis, and Yves Roberge. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/actes2004/Cook-CLA-2004.pdf
Slavin 2006 (CLA)
Slavin, Tanya. 2006. Some issues in the ordering of preverbs in Severn Ojibwe. In Proceedings of the 2006 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association, ed. Claire Gurski and Milica Radišić. http://westernlinguistics.ca/Publications/CLA2006/Slavin.pdf
Gold 2007
Gold, Elaine. 2007. Aspect in Bungi: Expanded progressives and be perfects. In Proceedings of the 2007 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association, ed. Milica Radišić. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/actes2007/Gold.pdf
Lochbihler 2008
Lochbihler, Bethany. 2008. Person licensing: The Algonquian-Romance connection. In Proceedings of the 2008 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association, ed. Susie Jones. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/actes2008/CLA2008_Lochbihler.pdf
Bliss and Gick 2009
Bliss, Heather, and Bryan Gick. 2009. Articulation without acoustics: ‘Soundless’ vowels in Blackfoot. In Proceedings of the 2009 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association, ed. Frédéric Mailhot. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/actes2009/CLA2009_Bliss_Gick.pdf
Bliss 2012
Bliss, Heather. 2012. A split DP analysis of Blackfoot nominal expressions. In Proceedings of the 2012 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/actes2012/Bliss_2012.pdf
Weber 2013
Weber, Natalie. 2013. Accent and pro-DPs in Blackfoot. In Proceedings of the 2013 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/actes2013/Weber-2013.pdf
Louie 2013
Louie, Meagan. 2013. Constraints on licensing “if”-clauses in Blackfoot. In Proceedings of the 2013 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/actes2013/Louie-2013.pdf
Kim 2013 (person)
Kim, Kyumin. 2013. Person all the way in Blackfoot: Evidence from psych-predicates. In Proceedings of the 2013 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/actes2013/Kim-2013.pdf
Hamilton 2013
Hamilton, Michael David. 2013. Wh-movement in Mi’gmaq. In Proceedings of the 2013 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association. http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cla-acl/actes2013/Hamilton-2013.pdf
Hirose 1999
Hirose, Tomio. 1999. Plains Cree palatalizations in OT. In Current Research on Language and Linguistics (UBCWPL 1), ed. M. Caldecott, S. Gessner, and E. Kim, 69-106.
Johansson 2009 (causatives)
Johansson, Sara. 2009. A syntactic analysis of Blackfoot –attsi causatives. In Proceedings of NWLC 24 (UBCWPL 25), ed. Heather Bliss, Meagan Louie, and Murray Schellenberg, 125-138.
Woolridge 2014
Woolridge, Erica. 2014. A metrical stress analysis of Mushuau Innu. In Proceedings of WSCLA 19 (UBCWPL 39 part II), ed. Natalie Weber and Sihwei Chen,141-157. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/WSCLA19_Woolridge.pdf
Kim 2014
Kim, Kyumin. 2014. Spatial PPs and the structure of motion verbs in Blackfoot. In Proceedings of WSCLA 19 (UBCWPL 39 part II), ed. Natalie Weber and Sihwei Chen, 125–139. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/WSCLA19_Kim.pdf
Hamilton 2014
Hamilton, Michael David. 2014. Mi'gmaq as a discourse configurational language. In Proceedings of WSCLA 19 (UBCWPL 39 part II), ed. Natalie Weber and Sihwei Chen, 109–123. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/WSCLA19_Hamilton.pdf
Kim 2013
Kim, Kyumin. 2013. The instrument linker iiht-/oht- in Blackfoot as a functional p. In Proceedings of WSCLA 18 (UBCWPL 39 part I), ed. Natalie Weber and Sihwei Chen, 35–49. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/WSCLA18_Kim.pdf
Bliss 2012
Bliss, Heather. 2012. Marking the boundaries: Blackfoot preverbs in narratives and elicitation. In Proceedings of WSCLA 17 (UBCWPL 36), ed. Pat Littell, Analía Gutiérrez, Raphael Girard, and Natalie Weber, 1-14. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/WSCLA17-bliss.pdf
Oxford 2011
Oxford, Will. 2011. The syntax of Innu-aimun locatives. In Proceedings of WSCLA 16 (UBCWPL 31), ed. Alexis Black and Meagan Louie, 135-150. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/2011WSCLA16-Oxford-n.pdf
Louie 2011
Louie, Meagan. 2011. Mapping opposite truth-values: A semantics for Blackfoot noohk-. In Proceedings of WSCLA 16 (UBCWPL 31), ed. Alexis Black and Meagan Louie, 105-120. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/2011WSCLA16-Louie_n.pdf
Johansson 2011
Johansson, Sara. 2011. Towards a typology of Algonquian relative clauses. In Proceedings of WSCLA 16 (UBCWPL 31), ed. Alexis Black and Meagan Louie, 92-104. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/2011WSCLA16-Johansson-n.pdf
Henze and Zimmerman 2011
Henze, Daniele, and Eva Zimmerman. 2011. Collateral feature discharge. In Proceedings of WSCLA 16 (UBCWPL 31), ed. Alexis Black and Meagan Louie, 74-91. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/2011WSCLA16-Henze_Zimmermann-n.pdf
Gillon 2011
Gillon, Carrie. 2011. Bare nouns in Innu-Aimun: What can semantics tell us about syntax? In Proceedings of WSCLA 16 (UBCWPL 31), ed. Alexis Black and Meagan Louie, 29-56. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/2011WSCLA16-Gillon-n.pdf
Hamilton, Junker, and MacKenzie 2010
Hamilton, Michael David, Marie-Odile Junker, and Marguerite MacKenzie. 2010. Is there “pragmatic skewing” in East Cree? In Proceedings of WSCLA 15 (UBCWPL 29), ed. Beth Rogers and Anita Szakay, 126-148. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/UBCWPL29-WSCLA15-HamiltonJunkerMackenzie.pdf
Armoskaite 2010
Armoskaite, Solveiga. 2010. On intrinsic transitivity of Blackfoot √verbs. In Proceedings of WSCLA 15 (UBCWPL 29), ed. Beth Rogers and Anita Szakay, 60-69. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/UBCWPL29-WSCLA15-Armoskaite.pdf
Oxford 2010
Oxford, Will. 2010. Nominal predication and verbal morphology in Innu-aimun. In Proceedings of WSCLA 15 (UBCWPL 29), ed. Beth Rogers and Anita Szakay, 30-46. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/UBCWPL29-WSCLA15-Oxford.pdf
Gillon 2010
Gillon, Carrie. 2010. The mass/count distinction in Innu-aimun: Implications for the meaning of plurality. In Proceedings of WSCLA 15 (UBCWPL 29), ed. Beth Rogers and Anita Szakay, 12-29. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/UBCWPL29-WSCLA15-Gillon.pdf
Quinn 2009
Quinn, Conor McDonough. 2009. Incorporated verbal classifiers in a predictive typology of noun incorporation. In Proceedings of WSCLA 14 (UBCWPL 26), ed. Heather Bliss and Raphael Girard, 183-196. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/UBCWPL26-WSCLA1314-Quinn.pdf
LeSourd 2009 (raising)
LeSourd, Philip S. 2009. On raising to object in Maliseet-Passamaquoddy. In Proceedings of WSCLA 14 (UBCWPL 26), ed. Heather Bliss and Raphael Girard, 171-182. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/UBCWPL26-WSCLA1314-Lesourd.pdf
Bliss and Glougie 2009
Bliss, Heather, and Jennifer Glougie. 2009. Speaker variation and the phonetic realization of Blackfoot obviation morphology. In Proceedings of WSCLA 14 (UBCWPL 26), ed. Heather Bliss and Raphael Girard, 70-83. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/UBCWPL26-WSCLA1314-BlissGlougie.pdf
Bliss 2009
Bliss, Heather. 2009. Argument structure, applicatives, and animacy in Blackfoot. In Proceedings of WSCLA 14 (UBCWPL 26), ed. Heather Bliss and Raphael Girard, 58-69. http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/UBCWPL26-WSCLA1314-Bliss.pdf
Bliss and Ritter 2007
Bliss, Heather, and Elizabeth Ritter. 2007. Grammaticalizing information status in Siksiká Blackfoot: A tenseless analysis. In Proceedings of WSCLA 12 (UBCWPL 21), ed. Seok Koon Chin & Hudu Fusheini, 178-191.
Cook and Muehlbauer 2007
Cook, Clare, and Jeffrey Mühlbauer. 2007. Constructing presence in Plains Cree. In Proceedings of WSCLA 12 (UBCWPL 21), ed. Seok Koon Chin & Hudu Fusheini, 160-177.
van Eijk 2007
van Eijk, Jan P. 2007. Neologisms in Blackfoot. In Proceedings of WSCLA 12 (UBCWPL 21), ed. Seok Koon Chin & Hudu Fusheini, 126-131.
Ritter and Wiltschko 2007
Ritter, Elizabeth, and Martina Wiltschko. 2007. Alternatives to tense in Halkomelem and Blackfoot. In Proceedings of WSCLA 12 (UBCWPL 21), ed. Seok Koon Chin & Hudu Fusheini, 114-125.
Piriyawiboon 2007 (WSCLA)
Piriyawiboon, Nattaya. 2007. Reconsidering the obviative. In Proceedings of WSCLA 12 (UBCWPL 21), ed. Seok Koon Chin & Hudu Fusheini, 100-113.
Glougie and Reis Silva 2007
Glougie, Jennifer, and Maria Amélia Reis Silva. 2007. Future expressions in Blackfoot and St’át’imcets. In Proceedings of WSCLA 12 (UBCWPL 21), ed. Seok Koon Chin & Hudu Fusheini, 53-60.
Derrick 2006
Derrick, Donald. 2006. Duration of Blackfoot /s/: A comparison of assibilant, affricate, singleton, geminate and syllabic /s/. In Proceedings of WSCLA 11 (UBCWPL 19), ed. Atsushi Fujimori & Maria Amélia Reis Silva, 53-60.
Slavin 2005
Slavin, Tanya. 2005. Evidence for layered morphology: The case of the preverb nihtaa- in Ojibwe. In Proceedings of WSCLA 10 (UBCWPL 17), ed. Solveiga Armoskaite and James J. Thompson, 203-214.
Gibraiel 2005
Gibraiel, Diana. 2005. Nishnaabemwin prosodically conditioned vowel syncope. In Proceedings of WSCLA 10 (UBCWPL 17), ed. Solveiga Armoskaite and James J. Thompson, 95-108.
Branigan, Brittain, and Dyck 2005 (WSCLA)
Branigan, Phil, Julie Brittain, and Carrie Dyck. 2005. Balancing prosody and syntax in the Algonquian verb complex. In Proceedings of WSCLA 10 (UBCWPL 17), ed. Solveiga Armoskaite and James J. Thompson, 56-69.
Armoskaite, Cook, and Muehlbauer 2005
Armoskaite, Solveiga, Clare Cook, and Jeff Mühlbauer. 2005. Constructing aspect in Plains Cree. In Proceedings of WSCLA 10 (UBCWPL 17), ed. Solveiga Armoskaite and James J. Thompson, 15-28.
Gibraiel 2004
Gibraiel, Diana. 2004. The behavior of roots: A comparison of Ojibwe and Hebrew. In Proceedings of WSCLA 9 (UBCWPL 15), ed. Cristine Ravinski and Yunhee Chung, 41-54.
Papen 2003
Papen, Robert A. 2003. Michif: One phonology or two? In Proceedings of WSCLA 8 (UBCWPL 12), ed. Yunhee Chung, Carrie Gillon, and Rachel Wojdak, 47-58.
Muehlbauer 2003
Mühlbauer, Jeff. 2003. The syntax of inalienability in Menominee. In Proceedings of WSCLA 8 (UBCWPL 12), ed. Yunhee Chung, Carrie Gillon, and Rachel Wojdak, 31-46.
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